Due to the environmental impacts caused by the construction industry, repurposing existing buildings and making them more energy-efficient has become a high-priority issue. However, a legitimate concern of land developers is associated with the buildings' state of conservation. For that reason, infrared thermography has been used as a powerful tool to characterize these buildings' state of conservation by detecting pathologies, such as cracks and humidity. Thermal cameras detect the radiation emitted by any material and translate it into temperature-color-coded images. Abnormal temperature changes may indicate the presence of pathologies, however, reading thermal images might not be quite simple. This research project aims to combine infrared thermography and machine learning (ML) to help stakeholders determine the viability of reusing existing buildings by identifying their pathologies and defects more efficiently and accurately. In this particular phase of this research project, we've used an image classification machine learning model of Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to differentiate three levels of cracks in one particular building. The model's accuracy was compared between the MSX and thermal images acquired from two distinct thermal cameras and fused images (formed through multisource information) to test the influence of the input data and network on the detection results.
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In recent years, image and video delivery systems have begun integrating deep learning super-resolution (SR) approaches, leveraging their unprecedented visual enhancement capabilities while reducing reliance on networking conditions. Nevertheless, deploying these solutions on mobile devices still remains an active challenge as SR models are excessively demanding with respect to workload and memory footprint. Despite recent progress on on-device SR frameworks, existing systems either penalize visual quality, lead to excessive energy consumption or make inefficient use of the available resources. This work presents NAWQ-SR, a novel framework for the efficient on-device execution of SR models. Through a novel hybrid-precision quantization technique and a runtime neural image codec, NAWQ-SR exploits the multi-precision capabilities of modern mobile NPUs in order to minimize latency, while meeting user-specified quality constraints. Moreover, NAWQ-SR selectively adapts the arithmetic precision at run time to equip the SR DNN's layers with wider representational power, improving visual quality beyond what was previously possible on NPUs. Altogether, NAWQ-SR achieves an average speedup of 7.9x, 3x and 1.91x over the state-of-the-art on-device SR systems that use heterogeneous processors (MobiSR), CPU (SplitSR) and NPU (XLSR), respectively. Furthermore, NAWQ-SR delivers an average of 3.2x speedup and 0.39 dB higher PSNR over status-quo INT8 NPU designs, but most importantly mitigates the negative effects of quantization on visual quality, setting a new state-of-the-art in the attainable quality of NPU-based SR.
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In the last decade, exponential data growth supplied machine learning-based algorithms' capacity and enabled their usage in daily-life activities. Additionally, such an improvement is partially explained due to the advent of deep learning techniques, i.e., stacks of simple architectures that end up in more complex models. Although both factors produce outstanding results, they also pose drawbacks regarding the learning process as training complex models over large datasets are expensive and time-consuming. Such a problem is even more evident when dealing with video analysis. Some works have considered transfer learning or domain adaptation, i.e., approaches that map the knowledge from one domain to another, to ease the training burden, yet most of them operate over individual or small blocks of frames. This paper proposes a novel approach to map the knowledge from action recognition to event recognition using an energy-based model, denoted as Spectral Deep Belief Network. Such a model can process all frames simultaneously, carrying spatial and temporal information through the learning process. The experimental results conducted over two public video dataset, the HMDB-51 and the UCF-101, depict the effectiveness of the proposed model and its reduced computational burden when compared to traditional energy-based models, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Deep Belief Networks.
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健壮的学习是科学机器学习(SCIML)的重要问题。文献中有几篇关于该主题的作品。但是,对方法的需求不断增加,可以同时考虑SCIML模型识别中涉及的所有不同不确定性组成部分。因此,这项工作提出了一种对SCIML的不确定性评估的综合方法,该方法还考虑了识别过程中涉及的几种不确定性来源。提出的方法中考虑的不确定性是缺乏理论和因果模型,对数据腐败或不完美的敏感性以及计算工作。因此,可以为SCIML领域中的不确定性感知模型提供总体策略。该方法通过案例研究验证,开发了用于聚合反应器的软传感器。结果表明,已识别的软传感器对于不确定性是可靠的,并以所提出的方法的一致性证实。
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社会机器人的快速发展刺激了人类运动建模,解释和预测,主动碰撞,人类机器人相互作用和共享空间中共同损害的积极研究。现代方法的目标需要高质量的数据集进行培训和评估。但是,大多数可用数据集都遭受了不准确的跟踪数据或跟踪人员的不自然的脚本行为。本文试图通过在语义丰富的环境中提供运动捕获,眼睛凝视跟踪器和板载机器人传感器的高质量跟踪信息来填补这一空白。为了诱导记录参与者的自然行为,我们利用了松散的脚本化任务分配,这使参与者以自然而有目的的方式导航到动态的实验室环境。本文介绍的运动数据集设置了高质量的标准,因为使用语义信息可以增强现实和准确的数据,从而使新算法的开发不仅依赖于跟踪信息,而且还依赖于移动代理的上下文提示,还依赖于跟踪信息。静态和动态环境。
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当使用基于视觉的方法对被占用和空的空地之间的单个停车位进行分类时,人类专家通常需要注释位置,并标记包含目标停车场中收集的图像的训练集,以微调系统。我们建议研究三种注释类型(多边形,边界框和固定尺寸的正方形),提供停车位的不同数据表示。理由是阐明手工艺注释精度和模型性能之间的最佳权衡。我们还调查了在目标停车场微调预训练型号所需的带注释的停车位数。使用PKLOT数据集使用的实验表明,使用低精度注释(例如固定尺寸的正方形),可以将模型用少于1,000个标记的样品微调到目标停车场。
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TensorFlow GNN(TF-GNN)是张量曲线的图形神经网络的可扩展库。它是从自下而上设计的,以支持当今信息生态系统中发生的丰富的异质图数据。Google的许多生产模型都使用TF-GNN,最近已作为开源项目发布。在本文中,我们描述了TF-GNN数据模型,其KERAS建模API以及相关功能,例如图形采样,分布式训练和加速器支持。
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巴西最高法院每学期收到数万案件。法院员工花费数千个小时来执行这些案件的初步分析和分类 - 这需要努力从案件管理工作流的后部,更复杂的阶段进行努力。在本文中,我们探讨了来自巴西最高法院的文件多模式分类。我们在6,510起诉讼(339,478页)的新型多模式数据集上训练和评估我们的方法,并用手动注释将每个页面分配给六个类之一。每个诉讼都是页面的有序序列,它们既可以作为图像存储,又是通过光学特征识别提取的相应文本。我们首先训练两个单峰分类器:图像上对Imagenet进行了预先训练的重新编织,并且图像上进行了微调,并且具有多个内核尺寸过滤器的卷积网络在文档文本上从SCRATCH进行了训练。我们将它们用作视觉和文本特征的提取器,然后通过我们提出的融合模块组合。我们的融合模块可以通过使用学习的嵌入来处理缺失的文本或视觉输入,以获取缺少数据。此外,我们尝试使用双向长期记忆(BILSTM)网络和线性链条件随机字段进行实验,以模拟页面的顺序性质。多模式方法的表现都优于文本分类器和视觉分类器,尤其是在利用页面的顺序性质时。
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我们为2022年MIP竞争开发的混合整数程序(MIP)提供了一个求解器。鉴于竞争规则确定的计算时间限制了10分钟,我们的方法着重于找到可行的解决方案,并通过分支机构进行改进 - 和结合算法。竞争的另一个规则允许最多使用8个线程。为每个线程提供了不同的原始启发式,该启发式是通过超参数调整的,以找到可行的解决方案。在每个线程中,一旦找到了可行的解决方案,我们就会停止,然后使用嵌入本地搜索启发式方法的分支和结合方法来改善现有解决方案。我们实施的潜水启发式方法的三种变体设法为培训数据集的10个实例找到了可行的解决方案。这些启发式方法是我们实施的启发式方法中表现最好的。我们的分支机构和结合算法在培训数据集的一小部分中有效,并且它设法找到了一个可行的解决方案,以解决我们无法通过潜水启发式方法解决的实例。总体而言,当用广泛的计算能力实施时,我们的组合方法可以在时间限制内解决训练数据集的19个问题中的11个。我们对MIP竞赛的提交被授予“杰出学生提交”荣誉奖。
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这项工作探讨了物理驱动的机器学习技术运算符推理(IMIPF),以预测混乱的动力系统状态。 OPINF提供了一种非侵入性方法来推断缩小空间中多项式操作员的近似值,而无需访问离散模型中出现的完整订单操作员。物理系统的数据集是使用常规数值求解器生成的,然后通过主成分分析(PCA)投影到低维空间。在潜在空间中,设置了一个最小二乘问题以适合二次多项式操作员,该操作员随后在时间整合方案中使用,以便在同一空间中产生外推。解决后,将对逆PCA操作进行重建原始空间中的外推。通过标准化的根平方误差(NRMSE)度量评估了OPINF预测的质量,从中计算有效的预测时间(VPT)。考虑混乱系统Lorenz 96和Kuramoto-Sivashinsky方程的数值实验显示,具有VPT范围的OPINF降低订单模型的有希望的预测能力,这些模型均超过了最先进的机器学习方法,例如返回和储层计算循环新的Neural网络[1 ],以及马尔可夫神经操作员[2]。
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